<p>Montrose Presbyterian Church is a historic church on County Road 20 in Montrose, Mississippi, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Montrose Presbyterian Church was organized in 1841, and the church building was constructed in 1907. Land for the church and cemetery was donated by John Newton Waddel, who served as The University of Mississippi chancellor from 1865 to 1874. In 1983, the church ceased as an organization.</p><br>
<p>The church building was added to the National Register in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Mississippi historian Cyril Edward Cain (1883–1963) is buried in Montrose Presbyterian Church Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>China Grove Methodist Church is a historic church at Tylertown, Mississippi.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in 1861 in the Greek Revival architectural style. The simple wood-frame building sits on brick piers with brickwork between the piers. The east facing gable end facade has a central double door with a multi–pane transom. Two double hung sash twelve over twelve windows with shutters flank the door. Fenestration on the north side is similar with four symmetrically placed windows. The south side has an additional bay with a single molded door leading to the slave gallery. Wall covering on all sides is lap siding with an unmolded base.</p><br>
<p>The China Grove Methodist Church is the second church built on the property. The first was a log Baptist church. The church is a rare remaining example of churches built before the American Civil War in Mississippi and has a slave gallery. The building is the last remainder of the China Grove settlement established. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church of Natchez is a historic church at 117 S. Pearl Street in Natchez, Mississippi. It was built in 1830 with Greek Revival and Federal style architectural features. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It also became a contributing property to the Natchez On-Top-of-the-Hill Historic District in 1979. For many years The Manse  housed its pastors.</p><br>
<p>Pine Ridge Church  is a historic church in Pine Ridge, Mississippi, north of Natchez.</p><br>
<p>The church was started by the Evangelist Rev James Smylie in 1807 as the Washington Presbyterian Church. Washington was that time the Territorial Capital of the old Southwest territory. In 1808 the church moved to a rural community and the name changed to Salem Church. It is the oldest Presbyterian congregation in Mississippi. In 1827 the name was changed to Pine Ridge Presbyterian Church. It was built in 1829 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 1908 a tornado destroyed the first building. Pine Ridge is a member of the Presbyterian Church in America.</p><br>
<p>Old First Presbyterian Church is a historic church at the junction of Huntington and Washington Streets in Kosciusko, Mississippi and was founded in 1844. It is a member of the Mississippi Valley Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church in America. The current pastor is Rev. Philip Palmertree.</p><br>
<p>The church building is located at 603 Smythe Street at the corner of Smythe Street and Calvary street, and was built in 1899 and added to the National Register in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Bethel Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church in Alcorn, Mississippi.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The church is located in what is now known as Alcorn in Claiborne County, Mississippi. It is one mile North of the Antebellum Canemount Plantation and nearly three miles South of the former Windsor Plantation, now known as the Windsor Ruins.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was established in 1826. Its pastor was Jeremiah Chamberlain. The current building was built in the 1840s.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage significance</h2><br>
<p>It has been listed the National Register of Historic Places since 1978.</p><br>
<p>Acona Church, Cemetery, and School is a historic complex near Lexington, Mississippi, in the community of Acona. This combination of church, school and cemetery was once common in rural areas, but the Acona complex is one of the few surviving ones.</p><br>
<p>The church was built as a Methodist church in 1876 as a two-story building. The upper story was used for a lodge hall. A three-room separate building on one edge of the property served as the school. A cemetery was also developed here, with gravestones from the 1880s, and it was still in use in the early 21st century. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Rodney Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Alcorn, Mississippi, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Plantation owner and millionaire David Hunt (1779-1861), also known as "King David," donated the land upon which the church was built. Presbyterian Reverend Jeremiah Chamberlain began the building of the church in 1829.</p><br>
<p>The church building was built from 1829 to 1832 in the Federal architectural style. It was built with red bricks, "rounded archives, "a stepped gable" and "an octagonal bell tower."</p><br>
<p>The church played a specific role during the American Civil War of 1861-1865. On Sunday, September 13, 1863, Reverend Baker invited crew members of the Union USS Rattler gunboat to attend his service. However, Confederates burst into the church to arrest them. When other Union crew members found out about the Confederate violation of Sunday truce, they fired a cannonball at the church, which damaged its front wall. The damage is still visible to this day.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church is a historic church on MS 553 in Church Hill, Mississippi.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect J. Edward Smith in the Gothic Revival style. The brick building is covered in stucco that is scored to simulate ashlar masonry. This stucco was original salmon colored. The nave is rectangular with four bays on each side with narrow lancet windows between buttresses.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1858 for the first Episcopalian congregation in Mississippi. This was their third church building and bricks from the second church (1829) were used in its construction. The first had been a log structure built under the guidance of Rev. Adam Cloud who had been expelled for preaching in the area by the Spanish when the area was part of Spanish West Florida. The church was occupied by soldiers of the Union Army in 1864 during the American Civil War. The property was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Bluemont Presbyterian Church and Cemetery is a historic Presbyterian church located near Fancy Gap, Patrick County, Virginia. It is one of the "rock churches" founded by Bob Childress. It was built between 1919 and 1950, and is a small frame church building faced in natural quartz and quartzite stone. It features a Gothic styled hexagonal bell tower. The rock facing was added to the frame building in 1946.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The New Ulm Oil Company Service Station is a historic gas station in New Ulm, Minnesota. The private, commercial structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on December 31, 1979. Its strong, fanciful visual images exemplify independent gas station designs of the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Service Station is built on a diagonal axis facing the intersection of North Broadway Street and North 5th Street in New Ulm. The main facade is flanked by two imposing, copper-roofed towers, octagonal at the first level and circular at the second. A one-story office/retail area is located between the two towers, and from it projects a single-lane drive-through canopy with the gas pump area at the front. The upper sides of the canopy are capped by a parapet with a curvilinear profile. The fenestration consists of arched window and door openings under the canopy and on the two towers; all are capped by precast concrete units which join to form a decorative belt course. The entire structure is built of the rainbow Artstone block manufactured by the company that designed the building.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally designed with windmill blades at the top of each tower, but they were never installed. Over the life of the building some reversible modifications were made: the red tile roof of the canopy was replaced with asphalt shingle and a wooden screen was added to the front of the canopy. In the years after being listed on the NRHP, the wooden screen and gas pumps were removed.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Service Station was a part of the boom of gas stations built throughout the country during the 1920s, corresponding with the years of expanding automobile use; the era was one of crucial development for a rural county like Brown County. The gas station was one of a series of stations designed by the Saffert Construction Company (now American Artstone Company) of New Ulm during the 1920s. These stations projected strong, fanciful design, incorporating features such as windmills and lighthouses. Differing from the standardized plans adopted by national chains, these stations were custom-designed for specific locations belonging to independent oil companies. The New Ulm Oil Company Service Station is one of two known to survive with a high degree of historic integrity.</p><br>
<p>Beecher Hall is the oldest building on the campus of Illinois College in Jacksonville, Illinois. Built in 1829–30, it was the first college building erected in the state of Illinois. The building has served many functions for Illinois College, including housing the first medical school in Illinois in 1843. It is named after the first president of Illinois College, Edward Beecher. Beecher Hall is recognized by the National Park Service as being a stop on the Underground Railroad. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chartered in 1829, Illinois College was one of the first three colleges chartered in Illinois. It began constructing Beecher Hall the same year, and its first classes took place there on January 4, 1830, before the building was even finished. The college named its first building for its first president, Dr. Edward Beecher, the brother of abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher and author Harriet Beecher Stowe.</p><br>
<p>Beecher Hall served in several capacities for the school through the years, including a dormitory, a library, a fraternity house, and a meeting place for campus literary societies. The building also housed the college&#39;s medical school, the first of its kind in Illinois, from 1843 to its discontinuation in 1848. In 1859, the university assigned the second floor of Beecher Hall for the use of Sigma Pi Literary Society. Its lower level was given to Phi Alpha Literary Society. Both societies still occupy their rooms there, as of 2024.</p><br>
<p>Like his siblings, Edward Beecher was an active abolitionist, and Illinois College was the de facto headquarters of Illinois antislavery movement. As part of the schools activism, Beecher Hall was a stop on the Underground Railroad. As many Central Illinois residents were pro-slavery before the Civil War, the school and its students faced criticism and threats for its participation in the abolition movement. One student, Samuel Willard, was fined for his participation in freeing an escaped slave. Beecher Hall is now part of the National Park Service&#39;s Network to Freedom, an association of historic sites linked to the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 8, 1974. The USA Postal Service released a 19-cent postal card featuring Beecher in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Formerly known as Eustace Hall, Eustace-Cole Hall located on Laboratory Row is the only building on Michigan State University&#39;s main campus in East Lansing, Michigan that is on the National Register of Historic Places. Designed in a mix of "Queen Anne massing, Richardsonian Romanesque features, and Shingle Style", it was built in 1888 as the Horticultural Laboratory Building.</p><br>
<p>Its design has been variously attributed to noted MSU alumnus and noted horticulturist Liberty Hyde Bailey and to Lansing architect William Appleyard</p><br>
<p>It housed the horticulture department until 1924 when a new horticulture building (now known as Old Horticulture) was opened. It then became the University College Building until 1961 when it was renamed for Harry J. Eustace who chaired the Horticulture Department from 1908 to 1918.</p><br>
<p>The third-oldest extant building on the MSU campus, it was listed on the Michigan Register of Historic Places on March 3, 1971 as the Horticultural Laboratory Building and was listed on the National Register on September 3, 1971 as Eustace Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, Eustace Hall underwent a $3 million renovation funded in part by a major donation from MSU alumni Jeffrey N. Cole (BS, 1970) and Kathryn C. Cole (MBA, 1990) of Birmingham, Michigan and was renamed Eustace-Cole Hall in their honor. Eustace-Cole Hall now serves as the headquarters of the MSU Honors College.</p><br>
<p>Lieutenant General George Washington is an 1860 equestrian statue of George Washington, at Washington Circle, at the edge of the George Washington Universitys campus, in Washington, D.C. The statue was sculpted by Clark Mills, who also created the equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson in front of the White House. The traffic circle where the statue is located was one of the original city designs by Pierre Charles LEnfant. The statue and surrounding park are in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood at the intersection of 23rd Street, New Hampshire Avenue, and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. The K Street NW underpass runs beneath the circle.</p><br>
<p>The idea of honoring George Washington, the first USA president, one of the Founding Fathers, and military leader of the American Revolutionary War, was first authorized by the Congress of the Confederation in 1783. Despite periodic calls for the erection of a statue honoring Washington, nothing happened until future President James Buchanan made inquiries into why the statue was never installed. Congress authorized the statue and its installation in 1853 at a cost of $50,000, which was later increased to $60,000. Mills original design included a three-tier pedestal with intricate designs. Due to a lack of funding, that was never built. The final product was a marble pedestal that is somewhat simple. The horses design was praised, but Washington&#39;s portrayal was frowned upon by critics.</p><br>
<p>The unveiling and dedication ceremony occurred in February 1860, not long before the American Civil War began. The keynote speaker at the ceremony, USA Representative Thomas S. Bocock, would become Speaker of the Confederate States Congress within a year. Amongst the notable attendees at the event included the president, the vice president, members of the Supreme Court, and members of the Senate. The event was delayed due to weather, but a half-mile long (0.8 km) procession marched from the District of Columbia City Hall to the statue. Many of those who marched were active members of the military and veterans.</p><br>
<p>The statue was almost moved twice to Lafayette Square to be replaced with the Mills statue of Jackson. It was repaired in the 1920s and moved in the 1960s when the underpass beneath Washington Circle was built. The statue is one of 14 American Revolution Statuary that were collectively listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites. The statue is also a contributing property to the LEnfant Plan, listed on the NRHP in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Biographies</h3><br>
<h4>George Washington</h4><br>
<p>George Washington was born in Virginia on February 22, 1732, to a privileged family. Although he did not attend a well-known school or university, Washington received education at the Lower Church in Hartfield, Virginia. He was an avid writer and later surveyed what was then the frontier of the Thirteen Colonies. He later trained as a soldier and led the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War. Washington then served in the House of Burgesses before war broke out between the colonies and the Kingdom of Great Britain. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and played a major role in winning the American Revolutionary War. After resigning as commander-in-chief in 1783, he presided over the Constitutional Convention in 1787, helping draft the Constitution and becoming one of the Founding Fathers. He served two terms as President of the United States, setting precedents that were followed by future presidents. After his second term was over, Washington retired and spent his last two years at Mount Vernon.</p><br>
<h4>Clark Mills</h4><br>
<p>Clark Mills was born September 1, 1815, in New York. He received limited education and later worked a number of jobs, including as a lumberjack and carpenter. In 1837, Mills moved to Charleston, South Carolina, and became an ornamental plasterer, working at his studio. His techniques improved in the 1840s and he began making plaster life-masks. With these masks, he then began making busts. According to historian and educator E. Wayne Craven, "What learned he acquired from the life-mask itself, and this established his style as one strongly dependent upon naturalism." His first notable client was former Vice President John C. Calhoun, whom he made a bust of in 1845. In addition to his studio in Charleston, Mills built a studio on The Ellipse nea the White House in 1849. It was at that studio Mills sculpted the equestrian statue of President Andrew Jackson and the George Washington equestrian statue. One of his most prominent death masks was that of President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. After his retirement, Mills continued living in Washington, D.C., and died in 1883.</p><br>
<h3>Memorial plans</h3><br>
<p>On August 7, 1783, the Congress of the Confederation voted for a statue to be erected in honor of Washington. Nothing happened though, and despite officials calling for a statue during the next few decades, the plan never came into fruition. Future President James Buchanan led the cause for a statue to be erected, referencing the earlier resolution made by the House of Representatives in 1799. After Mills debuted his equestrian sculpture of Andrew Jackson, the USA Congress commissioned Mills to make another memorial, this time honoring Washington. The Act of Congress passed on January 25, 1853, for the Washington statue, and $50,000 was appropriated for the installation. It was expected to be just as good if not more grand than the Jackson statue.</p><br>
<p>The pedestal for the statue was to be a large and elaborate work. Plans included a three-tiered base with bas-reliefs panels and small equestrian statues of Washingtons generals from the war. The plan for that was cancelled due to a lack of funding. The result was a smaller pedestal with no elaborate details. On February 24, 1860, an additional $10,000 would be approved by Congress for the work, just a few days after it was unveiled. The statue and pedestal were finished by the end of 1859, and plans were made for the unveiling and dedication ceremony of the citys second outdoor monument at that time.</p><br>
<h3>Dedication</h3><br>
<p>The unveiling and dedication ceremony took place on Washington&#39;s birthday, February 22, in 1860. According to historian Constance McLaughlin Green, the ceremony was the "last great public nonpartisan demonstration in the ante-bellum capital" as the Civil War began the following year.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of the ceremony, a significant amount of rain fell, causing Pennsylvania Avenue to be very muddy. Due to the weather and the delay of the 7th Regiment&#39;s arrival, the event was postponed until 3pm. A contingent met at the District of Columbia City Hall and proceeded to march up Pennsylvania Avenue to the statue. Those that participated in the march included a large number of active military members and veterans. Along Pennsylvania Avenue, building were decorated with flags and other patriotic items. When the marchers walked past the White House, President Buchanan and others joined them to the ceremony site. In total, the procession was approximately a half-mile long (0.8 km). When the ceremony began at 5pm, the temporary stands were full of people, as was the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>Amongst the prominent attendees were the president, Vice President John C. Breckinridge, the Speaker of the House William Pennington, members of the Supreme Court and Senate, and foreign diplomats. Reverend Barnard H. Nadal began the ceremony with prayer. Senator James H. Hammond of South Carolina introduced USA Representative Thomas S. Bocock of Virginia, who would become the Speaker of the Confederate States Congress the following year, to give the keynote address. His remarks included the location of the statue was an "appropriate spot where the summer sunbeams latest linger, and where the breezes from the blue hills of own native and beloved Virginia delight to play." Following Bococks speech, President Buchanan spoke. According to the National Park Service, "President Buchanans remarks were far more foreboding: "May Washington City, which founded, continue throughout many generations to be the seat of government of a great, powerful and united confederacy. Should it ever become a ruin by a dissolution of the Union, it will...teach the lesson to all the dwellers upon earth that our grand political experiment has failed, and that man is incapable of self-government..." Buchanan wore Washingtons Masonic apron and used his gavel to officially dedicated the statue.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>The surrounding area slowly developed after the statue was installed. Some improvements were made to the circle, including an iron fence replacing the wooden one in 1869, and in the 1880s, the hiring of a watchman to monitor and maintain the park. The park had 48 different species of trees by the early 1900s. When additional Revolutionary War statues were being installed on the corners of Lafayette Square, including the statue of the Comte de Rochambeau and the statue of Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, it was suggested the statue of Washington should be relocated to one of the corners. The plan also called for moving the equestrian Jackson statue to Washington Circle and renaming it Jackson Circle. Despite some support, the plan was eventually cancelled. Due to weather damage, in 1923 the Washington statue was taken to Roman Bronze Works for repairs. During this time, the plan to switch the memorials came up again, this time being supported by President Warren G. Harding. Because Jackson was a Democrat and the Washington statue was dedicated by Buchanan, a Republican, the changes were adamantly opposed by Southern Democrats, and the plan once again was cancelled.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1960s, the K Street underpass was built below Washington Circle. This required the removal of the statue. It was returned to its original location in 1963.</p><br>
<h2>Location and design</h2><br>
<p>The Washington statue is located on the city&#39;s Reservation 26, in the center of Washington Circle, a traffic circle and park in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The busy traffic circle is where 23rd Street, New Hampshire Avenue, and Pennsylvania Avenue NW intersect. K Street NW passes through in a tunnel under the circle. The circle is across the street from George Washington University Hospital and Schneider Triangle. The park and statue are both owned and maintained by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The bronze statue of Washington and his horse is 9-feet tall (2.7 m), 14-feet long (4.3 m), and faces east towards the White House. His face is modelled after the sculpture of Washington by Jean-Antoine Houdon. The uniform includes a long jacket with fringed epaulets and a three-cornered hat. He is holding a sword in his left hand and the right hand is holding the reins of his horse.</p><br>
<p>The wild horse is depicted as one that was taken from a prairie near Fort Leavenworth. It is standing on three legs and looks as if it has been startled. The horses details including veins, a mane, and tail, have been admired by historians. There were critics as well who disliked the startled look on the horses face compared to Washingtons relaxed appearance. The statue stands on a marble pedestal measuring 9.8-feet tall (3 m) and 15-feet long (4.6 m). The pedestal has been repaired with cement when cracks appear. On the front (east side) of the pedestal, just below the statue, is the inscription "WASHINGTON". Also on the pedestals east side is the inscription "CLARK MILLS/SCULPTOR". The name of the founder is located on the left leg of the horse.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Hotel is a historic hotel in New Ulm, Minnesota, United States. The private, commercial structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on June 21, 1990. The building is notable because of its association with the development of New Ulm&#39;s business district and as an example of Italianate architecture in a commercial building.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Hotel is a three-story Italianate-style brick building located in the center of New Ulm&#39;s historic business district. The structure originally had only two stories when it opened as the Union Hotel in 1876. New owners added the third story in 1899 during a thorough renovation where heating, plumbing and lighting fixtures were upgraded and a brick addition was extended from the rear; they renamed it the Grand Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The south-facing street facade is divided into three bays by pilasters; the center bay is narrower than the other two. Fenestration is different on the three levels: the first floor consists of a transomed central entrance with sidelights flanked by rusticated brick pilasters and large, paired plate glass storefront windows. All five of the first floor openings are set in semicircular brick arches; each window has a decorative cartouche as a keystone. In the center of the arched doorway is a carved lion&#39;s head. The formal balance used by the Italianate design is accentuated by the brick quoins. The window to the immediate right of the main entrance was a storefront entrance, but it was altered on an unknown date to match the remaining windows. A corbel table provides horizontal division between the first and second floors. The second story consists of six identical four by four double hung windows featuring stone sills and raised brick Gothic arches with keystones. The two center windows are paired. The remnants of a cornice are visible just above the keystones on the second story. The windows on the top floor are similar to the second except they are one by one sash and have nearly flat brick arches with keystones. A row of corbeled brick in the form of dentils surmount these windows, and there is a large round window centered in the facade. Additional corbeled bricks serve as an elaborate terminus to the building. The gable roof has a slight pitch and each wall as a parapet.</p><br>
<p>The west sidewall is pierced on the third floor by five double hung windows, two of which are one by one sash. The east elevation features eight double hung windows on the first floor, seven on the second, and six on the third; all of these opening have stone sills with segmental brick arches. The rear of the building has the 1899 one-story brick addition with a skillion roof.</p><br>
<p>Other than minor repainting and the removal of the awnings, the exterior of the building has undergone few changes since the 1899 redesign. The building was sandblasted in 1970, and in 1987 the building was tuckpointed and a new roof and fire sprinkler system was added. The building has since been repainted to look as it did in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After treaties were signed with local Native American tribes in 1851, the Minnesota River Valley was opened for settlement. In 1854, the first large group of settlers from the Chicago Land Society arrived in Brown County. The Society was organized by German immigrants in Chicago who desired to establish their own Midwestern colony, and New Ulm was platted in 1855. They were soon joined by Turner Germans from Cincinnati and formed the German Land Association of Minnesota. New Ulm was planned as a trading and agricultural center, but was unlike other area settlements in that it was not planned by or for the railroad; rather, the development relied on steamboats on the Minnesota River until the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>The 1860 population of New Ulm was 635, with only two of non-German descent. Among the predominantly German population was Phillip H. Gross.</p><br>
<p>The two-story wood-frame building was called the Minnesota Haus, and was the only business in the community providing room and board to visitors. Business was good, and after the hotel burned down in 1860, Gross rebuilt and renamed it as the larger Union Hotel. The hotel became a focal point of activity in New Ulm and during the Dakota War of 1862, when New Ulm itself was put under siege, served as a hospital as over 185 of the city&#39;s buildings were burned. Among the doctors at the hospital was William Worrall Mayo, who would later found the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Commercial activity increased after the conflict increased as a new influx of settlers arrived to take advantage of land provided through the Homestead Act. New Ulm began developing into a producer, exporter and processor of agricultural products and became a regional center once the railroad arrived in the area in 1872. The Union Hotel flourished, but was destroyed by fire on July 5, 1875. The fire began in an adjacent large barn belonging to the hotel which spread to the main structure; the hotels furniture was saved but fire fighting efforts moved to saving other structures on the street. The loss was estimated at $6,000; Gross was insured to $4,200.</p><br>
<p>Gross immediately rebuilt the hotel as a two-story brick structure, hiring architect Julius Berndt, who would go on to design the Hermann Monument. Gross operated it until retiring in 1885; he died on September 19, 1895. His son-in-law, Wenzel Schotzko, took over managing the hotel. Meanwhile, by 1884 two other hotels opened in New Ulm and in 1899 a new owner of the Union Hotel added the third floor and conducted renovations that brought the hotel&#39;s exterior to its present form. The renamed Grand Hotel had thirty sleeping rooms, an office, a new kitchen and large dining room which occupied half of the first floor. As a result of these changes, the hotel continued to play an important role in downtown New Ulm into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Over the ensuing years, the building fell out of use as a hotel and went through a succession of owners and various occupants. In 1970 it was purchased and turned into a boarding house. In the 1990s it housed a coffee shop, framing gallery and radio station KNUJ; the third floor was vacant. In 2000, Anne Makepeace, the great-great-granddaughter of Philip Gross, purchased the building with her husband and members of her family. In February 2003, the Makepeaces began restoring the building to its original appearance in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Hotel is significant because of its association with the development of New Ulm&#39;s business district, which played a central role in the economic growth of the southern Minnesota River Valley in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is also architecturally noteworthy as a good example of an Italianate commercial building. It is the finest largely unaltered example of mid-Victorian period commercial design in New Ulm and the surrounding area. Other commercial buildings of larger size with greater detailing remain in New Ulm, but the majority were constructed at least ten years later and have had their street level facades dramatically altered (see the Boesch, Hummel, and Maltzahn Block); as such, no building in the downtown commercial district has retained such a high degree of historic architectural integrity.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cameron was a United States Military installation, located east of Beaver, Utah, and was active from 1872 to 1883. It was demolished in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The fort was established on May 25, 1872 by the 8th Infantry, commanded by Major John D. Wilkins. Located on the north side of the Beaver River, many of the buildings were constructed with a distinctive black rock sourced from the nearby mountains. The new fort included four company barracks, a guardhouse, commissary, hospital, and officers’ quarters. Originally called the Post of Beaver, it was renamed Fort Cameron on July 1, 1874 in honor of Colonel James Cameron, who was killed at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861.</p><br>
<p>The fort was active for 11 years until May, 1883. It was originally established to protect settlers of central Utah from local American Indians and to keep an eye on possible Mormon rebellions. The fort had the only hospital within a 150-mile (240 km) radius. Though primarily meant to treat soldiers, it also provided medical care to local civilians.</p><br>
<p>Cyrus M. Hawley, an associate justice of the Utah Territorial Supreme Court, believed the fort&#39;s establishment would lead to the 1857 Mountain Meadows Massacre case being brought to trial, as it would allow witnesses to testify under the protection of the US government. Only one man, John D. Lee, was convicted.</p><br>
<p>After the fort was decommissioned, the remaining military personnel were reassigned to Fort Douglas in Salt Lake City, and the Fort Cameron buildings were sold to two locals: John R. Murdock and Philo T. Farnsworth. The men helped organize Murdock Academy, which was the Beaver branch of the Brigham Young Academy in Provo (now Brigham Young University). The academy lasted from 1898 to 1922. After the Utah State Legislature passed a law requiring counties to offer tuition-free schools, the LDS Church closed the school and sold the property. All but one of the fort&#39;s buildings were razed, and most of the property is now a golf course.</p><br>
<p>The Abner Williams Log House is a historic log cabin in the southeastern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located northeast of Lashley in Noble County,</p><br>
<p>Born in 1798, Abner Williams was the grandson of early Guernsey County settler Joseph Williams. In 1827, at the age of 29, Abner purchased land in a valley near the present-day Quaker City; here he settled and built his log house, which was completed by the end of the year. Williams was a successful farmer; his original property was 82 acre, but by the end of his life, he had added another 210 acre to it. Noble County was formed in 1851, being the last of Ohio&#39;s counties to be created. County voters chose two justices of the peace in that year, and Abner Williams was one of the men elected.</p><br>
<p>Built of logs on a stone foundation, the Williams House is covered with a metal roof and some elements of weatherboarding. It has been recognized as a typical example of log house construction styles common in eastern Ohio during the second quarter of the nineteenth century. In 1979, the Abner Williams Log House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of place as the home of a leading local citizen. Expanding its importance is the state of the surrounding countryside: surface mining for coal has unintentionally damaged much of the historic nature of the rural region, increasing the historic importance of surviving properties such as the Williams House.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Caldwell House is a historic house in the village of Caldwell, Ohio, United States. Erected in 1832, it is the oldest house in the village.</p><br>
<p>Surveyor Robert Caldwell settled at the site of the present house in 1809, becoming the first settler in the vicinity. His son Samuel expanded the farm and began to diversify, building both a gristmill and a sawmill on his property by 1836. Noble County was formed in 1851, being the last of Ohios counties to be created. Soon after the countys establishment, Caldwell agreed to donate land on his farm for public purposes; in 1857, part of this land was chosen as the site of the new county seat, and he was made the namesake of the new village. Caldwell&#39;s family continued to own and operate the remnant portion of the farm into the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick on a stone foundation, Caldwell&#39;s house is a two-story structure constructed in an undeterminate architectural style. The original portion of the house is rectangular, although a frame addition was later attached to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Samuel Caldwell House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its role in local history and because of its place as the home of a leading local citizen. Four lesser but related buildings on the same property were also designated as historic as part of the process. The Caldwell House is seen as a significant element in local history primarily because of the manner in which the village of Caldwell was developed: the Caldwell farm was typical of the way in which many early Ohio communities were developed from land donated from a large farm. It is one of nine Noble County properties on the National Register, and one of two in Caldwell, along with the building that historically housed the county jail and sheriff&#39;s office.</p><br>
<p>The Heber Amusement Hall  is a community and civic center in Wasatch County, Utah.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1908 from nearby sandstone and mostly by volunteer labor, the amusement hall was inspired by the Apollo Hall in American Fork, Utah, and at the time was one of only a few dance floors that were spring-mounted. A kitchen was added in 1917. The amusement hall, along with the Wasatch Stake Tabernacle, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 2, 1970. It is owned by Heber City and has been used as a senior citizen center. It is currently the home of Timpanogos Valley Theatre and still a major hub of social life in the valley, providing community theater productions and youth productions for large numbers of young locals every year.</p><br>
<p>Sweetwater Mansion , located in Florence, Alabama, is a plantation house designed by General John Brahan of the Alabama Militia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A veteran of the War of 1812, John Brahan owned more than 4,000 acres in eastern Lauderdale County, Alabama. The eight room home was built of bricks manufactured by Brahans slaves on the site of Sweetwater Creek which lay just below the house. Sweetwater Mansion received its name from the creek and was first occupied by Brahans son-in-law Robert M. Patton, a post-Civil War governor of Alabama, who completed the mansion in 1835.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Legends and ghost stories</h2><br>
<p>Stories of paranormal activity have been told about the house for many years. Numerous apparitions have allegedly been seen in and around the house.</p><br>
<p>Sweetwater Mansion was featured in an episode of A&E&#39;s Paranormal State on April 25, 2011. Sweetwater Mansion was also featured as a haunted location on the paranormal TV series Most Terrifying Places which aired on the Travel Channel in 2019.</p><br>
<p>Central Ridgewood Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 990 contributing buildings built between 1895 and 1927. They consist mainly of two-story, brick rowhouse dwellings with one apartment per floor. Buildings feature rounded bay front facades and the use of several shades of speckled brick.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History of the Central Ridgewood Historic District</h2><br>
<p>In the late 18th century and early 19th century, the land that now includes the Central Ridgewood Historic District was divided among several owners from prominent New York families, such as the Wycoffs, Duryeas, Woodards, and Debevoises. Although some have since been demolished, the district encompasses the homes of members of these prominent families, like the John C. Debevoise House, which was demolished and replaced by a senior center in 1974. The district also includes the site of the Queen&#39;s Labor Lyceum, a social club for the local workers, which closed in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The majority of homes in the Central Ridgewood Historic District were constructed between 1906 and the First World War. The homes are remarkably uniform in appearance, as they were primarily built by Louis Berger & Co. and constructed using bricks from the Kreischer Brick Manufacturing Company of Staten Island. The buildings in the historic district have load-bearing masonry walls constructed of red, buff, amber, and brown Kreischer brick. The buildings are finely-detailed mainly in the Renaissance Revival style, mixed with elements from other architectural styles, like Romanesque Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>New York City Landmarks Preservation Status</h2><br>
<p>On March 22, 2011, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission held a public hearing on the proposed designation of the Central Ridgewood Historic District. The district was designated a landmark on December 9, 2014. Those who spoke in favor of landmarking the district included Council member Diana Reyna, the Historic Districts Council, the Central Queens Historical Association, the Queens Preservation Council, and the New York Landmarks Conservancy.</p><br>
<p>Cooper Avenue Row Historic District is a national historic district in Glendale, Queens, New York. It includes seven contributing buildings built in 1915. They consist of two story, flat front brick rowhouse dwellings with one apartment per floor. They are constructed of yellow brick with burnt orange brick details. They feature some of Glendale&#39;s most striking and elaborate brickwork.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Cornelia–Putnam Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 87 contributing buildings built between 1907 and 1922. They consist of two story, flat front brick rowhouse dwellings with one apartment per floor and three story tenements with two apartments per floor. They are constructed of yellow and amber brick with brownstone trim.</p><br>
<p>Addresses in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Putnam Avenue</p><br>
<p>16-12 to 16-74</p><br>
<p>Cornelia Street</p><br>
<p>16-11 to 16-77</p><br>
<p>16-22 to 16-80</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Cypress Avenue East Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 247 contributing buildings built between 1900 and 1914. They consist mainly of three story tenements with two apartments per floor. They feature alternating facades of light and dark speckled brick.</p><br>
<p>The district boundaries were drawn to exclude commercial and frame construction buildings, and include the following addresses:</p><br>
<p>Linden Street</p><br>
<p>16-66 to 16-92</p><br>
<p>17-02 to 17-40</p><br>
<p>Cypress Avenue</p><br>
<p>654, 664</p><br>
<p>Gates Avenue</p><br>
<p>16-73 to 16-91</p><br>
<p>16-74 to 16-94</p><br>
<p>17-01 to 17-21</p><br>
<p>17-02 to 17-22</p><br>
<p>Palmetto Street</p><br>
<p>16-63 to 16-83</p><br>
<p>17-01 to 17-21</p><br>
<p>17-02 to 17-22</p><br>
<p>Woodbine Street</p><br>
<p>16-61 to 16-83</p><br>
<p>16-60/2? to 16-84</p><br>
<p>17-01 to 17-21</p><br>
<p>17-02 to 17-26</p><br>
<p>Seneca Avenue</p><br>
<p>652 to 668</p><br>
<p>784 to 790</p><br>
<p>802 to 816</p><br>
<p>Madison Street</p><br>
<p>17-01 to 17-25</p><br>
<p>17-10 to 17-28</p><br>
<p>Cornelia Street</p><br>
<p>17-19 to 17-33</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Cypress Avenue West Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 440 contributing buildings built between 1888 and 1906. They consist mainly of brick two and three story row houses with one apartment per floor and three story tenements with two apartments per floor. Also included in the district is Public School #81, St. John&#39;s Ridgewood United Methodist Church, and a row of commercial buildings. They feature Romanesque Revival style applied detailing.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Fresh Pond–Traffic Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 197 contributing buildings built between 1914 and 1921. They consist mainly of brick two story row houses with one apartment per floor. They have flat or rounded fronts with cream colored or amber, iron spot brick.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the following addresses:</p><br>
<p>Linden Street</p><br>
<p>61-11 to 61-57</p><br>
<p>61-12 to 61-64</p><br>
<p>Gates Avenue</p><br>
<p>61-09 to 61-59</p><br>
<p>61-12 to 61-60</p><br>
<p>64-01 to 64-07</p><br>
<p>64-02 to 64-18</p><br>
<p>Palmetto Street</p><br>
<p>61-11 to 61-55</p><br>
<p>61-12 to 61-54</p><br>
<p>64-01 to 64-33</p><br>
<p>64-02 to 64-42</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Danford Farm is a historic complex of buildings in northeastern Noble County, Ohio, United States. Located near the village of Summerfield, the complex comprises six buildings and one other site in an area of approximately 7.5 acre.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Danford first settled at the present farm site in 1817 and quickly built a log cabin. Here he lived for sixteen years before building the present house; constructed of brick on a stone foundation and topped with a slate roof, it features a simple exterior and a simple interior. The floor plan has been modified by the construction of a frame addition to the rear, but no obvious changes have been made to the facade.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Danford was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and local Methodists began to meet for worship at the Danford farm as early as 1818. Known as the Glady Methodist Church, the members decided to construct a church building in 1869 on the Danford property. By this time, Samuel had been dead for more than twenty-five years, but his widow lived to see the completion of the church building; it was occupied until the church dissolved in 1905. Located near the church, and also on the original Danford farm, is the church&#39;s cemetery: known as the "Glady Cemetery," it is the burial place of Samuel Danford, of his family, and of many other early Noble County pioneers.</p><br>
<p>In early 1980, the Danford farm property, including the former church and cemetery, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The farm qualified for inclusion on the Register in two separate ways: its architecture was deemed to be historically significant, and it played an important place in the exploration, settlement, and later history of its locality. Such a designation is unusual: the National Park Service requires that both cemeteries and religious properties pass stricter criteria for inclusion on the Register than other types of historic properties.</p><br>
<p>The Madison–Putnam–60th Place Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 145 contributing buildings built between 1900 and 1920. They consist mainly of brick two story row houses with one apartment per floor and three story tenements with two apartments per floor. They feature brick facades and Romanesque Revival style detailing. Also included in the district is the Old Queens Labor Lyceum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Seneca Avenue East Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 120 contributing buildings built between 1900 and 1915. They consist mainly of brick two story row houses with one apartment per floor and three story tenements with two apartments per floor. They feature speckled brick facades in various shades of yellow, amber, burnt orange, brown, and cream.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Stockholm–DeKalb–Hart Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 79 contributing buildings built between 1900 and 1915. They consist mainly of brick two-story row houses with one apartment per floor. Some buildings feature three bay wide wood porches with Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Cassius Clark Thompson House is a historic residence on the edge of downtown East Liverpool, Ohio, United States. Built in 1876 in a Late Victorian form of the Italianate style of architecture,</p><br>
<p>Born in 1851, Cassius Clark Thompson was a major player in East Liverpools dominant pottery industry; he was the owner of a prosperous pottery firm that had been founded in 1868. Intending to build himself a house, he purchased a hillside lot on the southeastern edge of downtown, finding the sites view of the nearby Ohio River highly attractive. two-and-a-half stories tall. The dominant feature of its architecture is a large tower at the front of the house: measuring three stories tall, it is crowned with an ornate wrought iron railing.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the Thompson House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it was the second of forty-four Columbiana County properties so to be designated, following only the Beginning Point of the USA Public Land Survey, which marks the countys border with Beaver County, Pennsylvania. It qualified for inclusion on the Register both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its close connection to one of the areas most significant historical figures. Nearly twenty other individual buildings and historic districts in East Liverpool have since been added to the Register. Most recent of these new additions is the East Liverpool Downtown Historic District: when it was designated in 2001, it was composed of more than one hundred contributing properties, including the Thompson House.</p><br>
<p>The Katherine Emery Estate is a historic house located at 1155 Oak Grove Avenue in San Marino, California. It is named for prominent California resident Katherine Sinclair Emery, who commissioned its construction, and has no connection to 1940s Hollywood character actress Katherine Emery.</p><br>
<p>Prominent Southern California architect Myron Hunt designed the Tudor Revival house, which was completed in 1928. The house&#39;s design includes multiple gable ends and dormers adorned with carved bargeboards and half-timbering. Other characteristic Tudor Revival elements include the stucco walls, groups of casement windows, and steep roof. The interior of the house features a Tudor great hall with a staircase, tracery windows, and oak woodwork.</p><br>
<p>Landscape architects Florence Yoch & Lucile Council worked with Hunt, designing the gardens surrounding the house. Major features of their work include terraces with stone balustrades.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 2011. The National Trust for Historic Preservation acquired the property in 2018 with the current owners retaining life tenancy.</p><br>
<p>The German-American Treue der Union Monument , is located in the Kendall County community of Comfort in the USA state of Texas. It was dedicated on August 10, 1866 to commemorate the German-Texans who died at the 1862 Nueces massacre. Thirty-four were killed, some executed after being taken prisoner, for refusing to sign loyalty oaths to the Confederacy. With the exception of those drowned in the Rio Grande, the remains of the murdered are buried at the site of the monument. This monument was the first authorized to fly the Star-Spangled Banner at half-mast in perpetuity.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>The battle</h2><br>
<p>In 1862, the Confederate States of America imposed martial law on Central Texas, due to resistance to the Civil War. Jacob Kuechler served as a guide for sixty-one conscientious objectors attempting to flee to Mexico. Scottish born Confederate irregular James Duff and his Duff&#39;s Partisan Rangers pursued and overtook them at the Nueces River.</p><br>
<p>Thirty-four were killed, some executed after being taken prisoner. Jacob Kuechler survived the Nueces massacre. The cruelty shocked the people of Gillespie County and surrounding areas. Two thousand took to the hills to escape Duff&#39;s reign of terror.</p><br>
<h2>The monument</h2><br>
<p>On August 19, 1865, Eduard Degener, Eduard Steves, and William Heuermann paid $20 for a lot in Comfort, for the purpose of building a monument. The bodies of those who drowned in the massacre were never recovered. The bodies of the remaining massacre victims were recovered for burial by local residents in a mass grave on the lot purchased by Degener, Steves and Heuermann. On August 20, 1865, at Comfort, Texas, three hundred people attended the funeral for the remains of the victims of the massacre. The funeral cortege was accompanied by Federal troops who fired a salute over the mass grave. Edward Degener, father of victims Hugo and Hilmar, delivered the eulogy.</p><br>
<p>With donations from local residents and families of the victims, the Treue der Union Monument was dedicated on August 10, 1866 in Kendall County. The obelisk stands twenty feet high and was constructed of native limestone by local stonemasons and several carvers. The main obelisk weighs 35,700 lb, with the top containing the original four name tablets. The United States 1865 flag has thirty-six stars, representing the number of states at the time of the monument dedication. On the lawn at the base are four name tablets in German. Inside the second course of the monument is a time capsule.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, the Comfort Heritage Foundation oversaw a restoration conducted by Boerne stonemason Karl H. Kuhn.</p><br>
<h2>Names on Treue der Union Monument</h2><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Treue der Union monument (1866) has been broadly asserted to be the first monument of the Civil War, and the first Union monument raised on "Confederate" soil. Other Union monuments in former slave states include the Grand Army of the Republic Memorial (Judsonia, Arkansas), the Grand Army of the Republic Memorial (Siloam Springs, Arkansas), the Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall (St. Cloud, Florida), Union memorials and graves at Arlington National Cemetery, and numerous monuments at battlefields such as at Vicksburg, Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>In an undated entry about the Nueces massacre in The Handbook of Texas Online, the Texas State Historical Association asserts ""It is the only German-American monument to the Union in the South where the remains of those killed in battle are buried, and where, since 1866, a thirty-six star USA flag is permitted to fly at half-staff."</p><br>
<p>As recently as 2012, in the book Texans and War: New Interpretations of the State&#39;s Military History published by Texas A & M University Press, authors Alexander Mendoza and Charles David Grear make the claim that it is "the only shrine to the Union erected by inhabitants on former Confederate soil."</p><br>
<p>The 2008 book Civil War Sites: The Official Guide to the Civil War Discovery Trail, compiled by the Civil War Preservation Trust, lists it as "the only memorial to the Union (outside national cemeteries) in Confederate territory, and only one of six places in the nation permitted by Congress to fly the flag at half-staff in perpetuity (and the only one of these to fly the flag with thirty-six stars)."</p><br>
<p>In 2006, authors Walter D. Kamphoefner, Wolfgang Helbich Susan Carter Vogel and asserted in Germans in the Civil War: The Letters They Wrote Home that it is "the only monument of its kind in the South."</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service, the 32nd Indiana Monument at Cave Hill National Cemetery in Kentucky "is the oldest Civil War memorial in the country." The 32nd Indiana Infantry Regiment of the Union Army was composed primarily of soldiers of German ancestry. After the December 1861 Battle of Rowletts Station, regiment private August Bloedner created the limestone memorial in the German language as a tribute to his regiments fatalities. Also known as the August Bloedner Monument, both the monument and the bodies of those it honors are together in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In a 2012 article for The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, physician and US Army veteran Frank Wilson Kiel sorted known facts from lore about the monument. Citing monuments to the Union on Southern soil, he names two memorials in Tennessee, Greeneville and Cleveland, as well as three others in Texas, Denison, Dallas and New Braunfels. The claim of Treue der Union being the oldest is discredited by the 1863 Hazen Brigade Monument at Stones River National Battlefield in Tennessee and the 1861 August Bloedner Monument in Kentucky. Kiel traces the trail of misinformation back as far as 1938. Accordingly, he states that there is no protocol for flying a flag at half-mast, but rather a matter of choice for non-governmental institutions such as the Comfort Heritage Foundation. The misunderstanding stemmed from personal communications between one congressman and two different individuals associated with the monument. Congress never passed legislation on the issue.</p><br>
<p>The Nathan Harris House is an historic house at 425 Main Street in Westbrook, Maine. Built about 1830, it is a well-preserved example of Federal period architecture, most notable for the murals painted on some of its walls in the 1830s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. The house is now used as a professional office.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Harris House is located in a commercial area east of downtown Westbrook, in a large island of buildings surrounded by Cumberland Street, Main Street, and Harnois Avenue. The house is located near the eastern end of this island, next to the late 19th-century Warren Block. The house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a five-bay front section and a cross-gabled ell extending to the rear. The front is symmetrical, with the center entrance adorned by sidelight windows and pilasters, with a semi-oval fan above. The interior retains Federal period woodwork in the parlor spaces that is of unusually high quality for what was at the time a comparatively modest setting. The main hall and right-side parlor both have oil-painted murals on the walls. Comparative analysis of these murals with similar works of known attribution suggests they were the work of either Sturtevant J. Hamblen or William Matthew Prior, both of whom produced works in the Portland area in the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1828–30, and is a rare surviving example of a modest merchant&#39;s home of the period, a type of house that would have been quite common at the time. In the 20th century the building was repurposed as a law office, given the increasingly commercial surroundings. The murals were undergoing restorative work at the time the building was listed on the National Register in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Vallée Family House is an historic house at 36 Monroe Avenue in Westbrook, Maine. Built in 1914, this architecturally undistinguished American Foursquare house was a childhood home of entertainer Rudy Vallée during the period in which his interests in music and entertaining developed. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Vallée Family House is located on the east side of Monroe Avenue, a residential side street east of downtown Westbrook. It is a fairly typical American Foursquare house, roughly square in shape and two stories in height, with a hip roof and clapboard siding. A hip-roof dormer projects from the front-facing roof face, and a single-story hip-roof porch extends across its front. A gable projects over the front steps, with false half-timbering in the gable, and large decorative brackets as support. The interior follows a side hall plan.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1914 for Charles A. Vallee, the owner of a local drugstore. Vallee had moved to Westbrook in 1905, and it is here that his son, Hubert Prior Vallee, grew up. Better known by his stage name of Rudy, the younger Vallee developed his interest in music and entertaining while growing up here, exposed to music through records and phonographs at his father&#39;s drugstore, and movies through work at local theaters. By 1920 he was playing the saxophone in local orchestras, and he rose to national stardom in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Caleb R. Ayer House  is an historic house at 7 Main Street in Cornish, Maine, United States. The house is architecturally distinctive, with a high-style Greek Revival main block, built c. 1855, attached to an older  heavily altered Cape, which connects it to a period barn. The house is also historically significant as the home of Caleb Ayer, a Maine politician who served in the Maine Senate from 1847 to 1848 and as Secretary of State of Maine in 1856. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house is set on the south side of Main Street (SR 5/SR 25) in the main village of Cornish, just east of its junction with Fiddle Lane. It is a long structure whose main axis is oriented north–south, and is divided into three distinct sections, all of whose main facades face east. The northernmost section is a 2-1/2 rectangular Greek Revival structure with a side-gable roof, and a single-story flat-roof porch extending across its three-bay front. Its corners have broad pilasters, with a double-width frieze encircling the block below the roof. To the south of this block is a -story Cape style extension, which is the oldest portion of the house. It is seven bays wide, with a pair of gable-roof dormers projecting from its main facade, and has a projecting gable-roofed vestibule providing a secondary entrance. At the southernmost end of the structure is a barn, whose gable roof is oriented perpendicular to the roofs of the other two sections. The interiors of the front and central blocks both reflect high-style Greek Revival design.</p><br>
<p>The central Cape portion of the house was probably built by Edward Boynton, sometime between his purchase of the land in the early 1830s, and its sale to Caleb Ayer in 1852. Although building records are sketchy, it is probably that Ayer built the front section soon afterward, including applying Greek Revival styling to the Cape portion. The house was sold in 1886 by Ayer&#39;s widow to her son-in-law, Dr. William Swasey. Ayer was a prominent lawyer who moved to Cornish after marrying a local woman; he served in the state senate and as the state secretary in 1856. Swasey practiced from the house for many years, using what is now a modern kitchen as his office.</p><br>
<p>The Round Barn, Buckingham Township is an historic building located north of Traer in Tama County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1920 as a general purpose barn. The building is a true round barn that measures 50 ft in diameter. The structure is constructed in clay tile from the Johnston Brothers&#39; Clay Works and features an aerator and a segmented two-pitch roof. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The John W. Young Round Barn is an historic building located near Traer in rural Tama County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1917 by Joe Seda as a general purpose barn. The building is a true round barn that measures 65 ft in diameter. The structure is constructed in clay tile and features a two-pitch roof and an 18 ft central silo that is 45 ft high. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Wickfield Round Barn is a historic sale barn building located near Cantril in rural Van Buren County, Iowa, United States. Originally called Silvers Sale Pavilion, it was built in 1919 by Alva Hunt for $20,000. The true round barn measures 50 ft in diameter. Frank Silvers, a successful hog breeder and businessman, operated the largest Hampshire hog farm in the world. The first floor had seating for 700 people. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986. There are no round barns in Iowa used as sale barns any longer, and this one is used for storage.</p><br>
<p>It is claimed to be the "most unusual use of any round barn in the state and without doubt the most elaborate farm sale barn known to have existed."</p><br>
<p>The Octagon Barn, Otter Township is a historic building located near Milo in rural Warren County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1900 as a horse and dairy barn. The octagon-shaped building measures 54 ft in diameter. The structure features a tall center section with a winged shed around it. It is covered in red horizontal siding and is topped by a sectional conical roof. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Johnson Polygonal Barn was a historic building located near Wellman in rural Washington County, Iowa, United States. The 16-sided building measured 40 ft in diameter. The structure was covered in red vertical siding and it was topped by a sectional conical roof, with windows on the south side and an aerator. The numerous windows and the 15 hog pens that were around its perimeter suggests that this was built as a hog barn as light and ventilation in hog barns were a concern in the early 20th-century. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Slayton Farms-Round Barn is a historic building located near Iowa Falls in rural Hardin County, Iowa, United States. Frank Slayton had it built in 1915 for use as a dairy barn. The barn is one of 16 that was built by the Johnston Brothers Clay Works from Fort Dodge, Iowa. It is constructed of hollow clay tiles and features a gambrel roof with two different pitches and hay dormer. Two aerators flank the central silo on the roof. The interior of the barn is fashioned around the silo from which silage was shoveled to feed the cattle. An overhead track system and a bucket for hauling materials remains intact. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1999. Purchased by Engel Family in 2023.</p><br>
<p>The William Oakland Round Barn is an historic building located near Blairsburg in rural Hamilton County, Iowa, United States. The true round barn measures 50 ft in diameter. It is constructed of clay tiles and features a conical roof, aerator, a small dormer on the west side and a larger one on the east side as well as a 16 ft central silo. William T. Oakland had this structure built in 1910 as a combination hog and sale barn. The ground floor was used for farrowing, while the sale ring was on the upper level. The 16 windows in roof provided light to the sales area. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon Round Barn, Indian Creek Township is a historic building located near Iowa Center in rural Story County, Iowa, United States. It was built in around 1880 as a dairy barn. The octagon-shaped building measures 50 ft in diameter. The modified hip roof, heavy timber framing, rectangular interior plan, and general purpose use marks this as a design influenced by Lorenzo S. Coffin, who built the first round barn in Iowa. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986. The barn has deteriorated significantly and it is essentially a pile of wood now.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph E. Hall House is a privately owned residential house located at 210 South Oneida Street in the city of Tecumseh in Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic State and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1986. It is located just around the corner from the George J. Kempf House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in as early as 1870 for Joseph E. Hall, a local jeweler and instrument maker. It was designed and constructed by Salmon Crane, who was a leading architect in Tecumseh in the second half of the nineteenth century. Hall and his family lived here until 1882, when it was purchased by Sylvester Erskine, a barber and saloon keeper.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed in the style mix of Italianate and Late Victorian architecture. It is a modestly sized brick house, typical of those built in the area at the time. It is noted for its irregular L-shaped design, which features a square tower located between the arms of the L. The house has widely projecting eaves supported by simple paired brackets. Window openings in the main section have segmental-arch heads without caps, while in the tower they have round heads and corbelled brick caps. A hip-roof, brick-pier porch wraps around the front of the house and part of one side.</p><br>
<p>The Gamaliel Thompson House is a former residential structure located at 101 Summit Street in the city of Hudson in westernmost Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic State on February 22, 1974, and soon after listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 3, 1975. It is located two blocks south of the Heman R. Goodrich House. The Thompson House now serves as the William G. Thompson House Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gamaliel Thompson was born near the village of Fort Ann, New York in 1843. In 1861 he moved from New York State to Hudson, obtaining work as a clerk and bookkeeper. He later became involved in general merchandising, and in 1867, with the founding of the banking firm of Perkins, Osborn, and Co., became associated with the banking business. He and his family eventually bought out the other owners of the bank, and by the 1890s the bank was known as Thompson&#39;s Savings Bank, with Gamaliel Thompson as vice-president.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, Thompson hired John L. Matthes and Company of Adrian to construct this house at a cost of $6,500. It was finished the following year. The house has been owned by the Thompson family since it was built.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Gamaliel Thompson House is one of the finest surviving Queen Anne style houses in Michigan. The structure retains all of its original features.</p><br>
<p>The Gamaliel Thompson House is a two-and-one-half story wooden structure with a profusion of bays and porches. The house is clad with clapboard, save for the two gabled dormers. The irregularly shaped roof is covered with green painted tin and trimmed with corniced boxed brackets. There is a corner turret, two balconies, and a front porch with ornamental trim. The exterior has a number of other decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house is remained basically unchanged from the original layout., save a modernized kitchen. A notable feature of the interior is the cherry paneling which lines the library walls, and the elliptical stained glass window in the same room. The furniture within the house also dates from the era of the house&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<p>The Miller Round Barn was a historic building located near Sharon Center in rural Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It was constructed in 1918 by John Schrader. The bank barn that was built on a slope was an example of the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station / H.E. Crouch type. The building was a true round barn that measured 60 ft in diameter. It was covered in white vertical siding and features a two-pitch roof and a 10 ft central silo. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986. The barn has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<p>The Round Barn, Millville Township is an historical building located in rural Clayton County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1916 as a general purpose barn. The building is a true round barn that measures 72 ft in diameter. It is covered in metal vertical siding and features a dome roof, a cupola with an aerator and a central silo. It is one of three round barns extant in Iowa known to have a dome roof. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Round Barn, Pilot Grove Township is an historical building located in rural Montgomery County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1912 as a general purpose barn. The building is a true round barn that measures 60 ft in diameter. It is the type that was promoted by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. The barn is covered in white vertical siding and features a two-pitch roof, a small dormer on the south side and an 18 ft central silo. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Clark Round Barn was an historic building located near Tyrone in rural Monroe County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1908 for Charles Henry Clark, Sr. The building was a true round barn that measured 48 ft in diameter. It featured a conical roof, four-sided cupola and a central silo that was 14 ft in diameter and 30 ft high. The siding was pine and the original cedar singles had been replaced in the 1960s. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
